Materials Used in Peer-Reviewed Research

Since 2005, Cheap Tubes Inc. (Vermont, USA) has supplied research-grade carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, graphene nanoplatelets, and advanced nanomaterials to the global research community. Our materials have been used in thousands of peer-reviewed studies across composites, energy storage, biomedical, sensors, environmental, and surface-chemistry research.

The selected citations below are a representative sample organized by application area. The full citation corpus is maintained internally and is available on request. Researchers citing our materials in their methods sections should use the canonical reference Cheap Tubes Inc. (Vermont, USA).

Composites & Structural Materials

Carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoplatelets from Cheap Tubes have been used as reinforcing fillers in epoxy, polymer, metal-matrix, and fiber-reinforced composites to deliver dramatic property gains at low loading levels.

• Rafiee et al. (2009). Enhanced Mechanical Properties of Nanocomposites at Low Graphene Content. ACS Nano.
• Eslami-Farsani, Tcharkhtchi et al. (2020). Significant Fatigue Life Enhancement in Multiscale Fiber/Epoxy Nanocomposites with Graphene Nanoplatelets and Reduced-Graphene Oxide. Polymers (MDPI).
• Patil, Dennis, Rout, Banerjee, Yadav (2014). Graphene Oxide and Functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as Epoxy Curing Agents. RSC Advances.
• Borowski, Soliman, Kandil, Taha (2015). Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of CFRP Laminates Incorporating Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Polymers (MDPI).
• Adegbenjo, Olubambi, Potgieter, Shongwe, Ramakokovhu (2017). Spark Plasma Sintering of Graphitized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Ti6Al4V. Materials & Design.
• Aghamohammadi, Eslami-Farsani, Tcharkhtchi (2020). The Effect of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes on the Mechanical Behavior of Basalt Fiber Metal Laminates. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives.

Energy Storage & Conversion

Researchers have used Cheap Tubes carbon nanotubes and graphene materials in lithium-ion battery electrodes, supercapacitors, thermoelectric generators, and photoelectrochemical water-splitting devices.

• Gueon et al. (2024). Stress-Relieving Carboxylated Polythiophene / Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Conductive Layer for Stable Silicon Microparticle Anodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries. Advanced Energy Materials.
• Liang, Xu, Shang et al. (2023). Near-Room-Temperature Thermoelectric Performance Enhancement in Mg3(Sb,Bi)2 Material by Incorporating Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Advanced Energy Materials.
• Yang et al. (2016). Electrochemically Reduced Graphene Oxide / Carbon Nanotubes Composites as Binder-Free Supercapacitor Electrodes. Journal of Power Sources.
• Gaillard, Chang, DeAngelis, Higgins, Braun (2013). A Nanocomposite Photoelectrode of CuWO4 and Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes for Solar-Assisted Water Splitting. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy.
• Mehmood et al. (2020). A Flexible, Printable, Thin-Film Thermoelectric Generator Based on Reduced Graphene Oxide–Carbon Nanotubes Composites. Journal of Materials Science.
• Ge, Yang, Honglawan, Li, Yang (2014). In Situ Synthesis of Hybrid Aerogels from Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Polyaniline Nanoribbons as Free-Standing Flexible Energy Storage Electrodes. Chemistry of Materials.

Biomedical & Toxicology

Cheap Tubes nanomaterials have served as the experimental material in published studies on tissue scaffolds, drug delivery, toxicology, and imaging contrast agents — including standard interlab toxicological characterization studies.

• Pietroiusti et al. (2011). Low Doses of Pristine and Oxidized Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Affect Mammalian Embryonic Development. ACS Nano.
• Lee, Zhu, Nowicki, Lee, Heo, Kim, Zuo, Zhang (2018). 3D-Printed Nano-Conductive Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Scaffolds for Nerve Regeneration. Journal of Neural Engineering.
• Wang, Nel et al. (2011). The Dispersal State of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Elicits Pro-Fibrogenic Cellular Responses That Correlate with Fibrogenesis Biomarkers and Fibrosis in the Murine Lung. ACS Nano.
• Durán et al. (2017). In Vivo Nanotoxicological Profile of Graphene Oxide. Journal of Nanobiotechnology.
• Foldvari, Ivanova, Loureiro, Lamprecht (2012). Pharmaceutical Characterization of Solid and Dispersed Carbon Nanotubes as Nanoexcipients. Pharmaceutical Research.
• Gu, Hu, Xia, Gong, Gao, Chen (2018). Aptamer-Conjugated Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as a New Targeted Ultrasound Contrast Agent for the Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer. Journal of Nanoparticle Research.

Sensors & Electronics

Our SWCNTs, MWCNTs, and graphene oxide have been incorporated into electrochemical sensors, strain sensors, screen-printed electrodes, and quantum-information devices.

• Villalva et al. (2021). Spin-State-Dependent Electrical Conductivity in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Encapsulating Spin-Crossover Molecules. Nature Communications.
• Daly et al. (2016). Interfacial Shear Strength of Multilayer Graphene Oxide Films. ACS Nano.
• Lee, Jug, Meng (2013). High-Strain Biocompatible Polydimethylsiloxane-Based Conductive Graphene and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposite Strain Sensors. Applied Physics Letters.
• Cinti, Arduini, Carbone, Sansone, Cacciotti, Moscone, Palleschi (2015). Screen-Printed Electrodes Modified with Carbon Nanomaterials: A Comparison Among Carbon Black, Carbon Nanotubes, and Graphene. Electroanalysis.

Environmental & Water Treatment

Studies on natural organic matter sorption, contaminant adsorption, soil microbial impact, and aquatic toxicity have employed Cheap Tubes carbon nanomaterials as the test material.

• Hou et al. (2014). Photochemical Transformation of Graphene Oxide in Sunlight. Environmental Science & Technology.
• Hyung, Kim (2008). Natural Organic Matter (NOM) Adsorption to Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: Effect of NOM Characteristics and Water Quality Parameters. Environmental Science & Technology.
• Joseph, Heo, Park, Flora, Yoon (2011). Adsorption of Bisphenol A and 17α-Ethinyl Estradiol on Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes from Seawater and Brackish Water. Desalination.
• Ge, Priester, Mortimer et al. (2016). Long-Term Effects of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene on Microbial Communities in Dry Soil. Environmental Science & Technology.
• Smith, Shaw, Handy (2007). Toxicity of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes to Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Respiratory Toxicity, Organ Pathologies, and Other Physiological Effects. Aquatic Toxicology.

Surface Chemistry & Functionalization

Foundational studies on graphene oxide conformation, plasma functionalization, covalent surface modification, and 3D printing architectures have been carried out using Cheap Tubes materials.

• Whitby et al. (2011). pH-Driven Physicochemical Conformational Changes of Single-Layer Graphene Oxide. Chemical Communications.
• Lin, Han, Lin et al. (2015). 3D Stereolithography Printing of Graphene Oxide Reinforced Complex Architectures. Nanotechnology.
• Mohai, Bertóti (2016). Modification of Graphene-Oxide Surface in Nitrogen and Argon Glow Discharge Plasma. Surface and Interface Analysis.
• Mrakovcic, Meindl, Leitinger, Roblegg, Fröhlich (2015). Carboxylated Short Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes But Not Plain and Multi-Walled Short Carbon Nanotubes Show In Vitro Genotoxicity. Toxicological Sciences.
• Zhang, Pfefferle, Haller (2015). Characterization of Functional Groups on Oxidized Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes by Potentiometric Titration. Catalysis Today.

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